Exam: add surge protection and grounding to meet code
A hybrid system on a roof in Cebu, wired and working, with nothing to catch a lightning surge and no earth. Add what the code asks for: a surge protective device on the array side and one on the AC side, and a grounding electrode, so that the safety check’s F2 and F3 pass with zero fails overall.
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How it works
Graded on:
- F2: surge protection on the DC side and the AC side
- F3: a grounding electrode (a ground symbol on the bench)
- Zero safety fails
Build on this bench, then press Check my design on the exam card. 15 minutes is the target; attempts and time are kept in your transcript. Hints cost nothing but are noted.
Parts on the bench
- 4 × Solar panel
- 2 × DC breaker
- Hybrid solar inverter
- LiFePO4 battery
- Utility grid
- 2 × AC breaker
- 220 V bulb
More on solar pv physics
- The IV curve: Voc, Isc and the knee
- Cold mornings raise Voc; hot noons cut power
- Shading and bypass diodes: a shadow costs more than its size
- A string against the controller: the cold-morning Voc
- PWM against MPPT: the harvest, as a number
- Lead-acid against LiFePO4: usable capacity, voltage and life
- Wiring, fuses and breakers for an array: the 1.25 and 1.56 rules
- Grounding, bonding and surge protection: the two jobs of earth